Research Papers, Books and International Prsentations 

Standby Letters of Credit in International Trade
"Standby Letters of Credit in International Trade" is a book written by Dr. Ramandeep Kaur Chhina, published by Kluwer Law International in 2012. The book provides insight into the subject of Standby Letters of Credit in international trade and is a part of the International Banking and Finance Law Series (vol. 19). The book is a comprehensive guide for those looking to understand the concept of Standby Letters of Credit. The book can be purchased on Amazon in hardcover format.

Chhina, R., Dec 2012, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 229 p. (International Banking and Finance Law Series; vol. 19)
Research output: Book/Report › Book

Bibliographic information

Title Standby Letters of Credit in International Trade Volume 19 of International banking and finance law series

Author Ramandeep Kaur Chhina

Edition illustrated

Publisher Kluwer Law International, 2012

ISBN 9041145605, 9789041145604

Length 229 pages

Subjects Law › Commercial › International Trade

Buy Book from Amazon: Standby Letters of Credit in International Trade (International Banking & Finance Law Series) (International Banking and Finance Law Series, 19) Hardcover – December 4, 2012

Dr. Ramandeep Chhina is a specialist in financial crime, banking, and financial law with expertise in topics such as standby letters of credit, trade frauds, trust, beneficial ownership, duplicate financing, politically exposed persons, and unconscionability. She has published research articles on these subjects in international refereed journals, covering topics such as money laundering risks, the uniform customs and practices for documentary credit, trade-based money laundering, and international terrorism.

• The Underlying Contract Exception: Effect on the Degree of Abstraction of Bank Guarantees. 

Chhina, R. (2021) , In: Journal of Business Law, 1, p. 1-17.                                                    

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Implementation of the Concept of ‘Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs)’ in India
  Chhina, R., 1 Jan 2017, In: Journal of Money Laundering Control. 20, 1, p. 89-98 10 p.
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• 'Unconscionability' as an exception to the principle of autonomy: How well is it entrenched in Singaporean Jurisdiction?
  Chhina, R., Aug 2016, In: Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly. p. 412-435 24 p.
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Managing Money Laundering Risks in Commercial Letters of Credit: Are Banks in danger of Non-Compliance? A Case Study of the United Kingdom
  Chhina, R., May 2016, In: Journal of Money Laundering Control. 19, 2, p. 158-168 11 p.
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (the UCP): Are they merely a set of Contractual Terms
  Chhina, R., 2015, In: Banking and Finance Law Review. 30, 2
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Implementation of the FATF Recommendations in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India
  Chhina, R., 2015.
  Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review

• Trade-Based Money Laundering: Ever Increasing Threat with Little Regulation
  Chhina, R., 2014, In: Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation. 29, 11, p. 665-671
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Book review: Bank Guarantees in International Trade by Roeland F. Bertrams
  Chhina, R., 2014, In: International Trade Law and Regulation. 20, 4, p. 38 1 p.
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Book/Film/Article review › peer-review

• Uniform international legal regime for multimodal transport: unarguable need but no general acceptance
  Chhina, R., 2013, In: Journal of International Maritime Law. 19, 6
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• The legal basis for the application of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) in England and Canada
  Chhina, R., 2008, In: Journal of International Maritime Law. 14, 3, p. 228
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• International Terrorism and UN's Role in Combating It
  Chhina, R., 2004, In: Amritsar Law Journal of Guru Nanak Dev University. 12, p. 113
  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Dr. Ramandeep Chhina has written technical papers and policy briefs on these subjects and collaborated with organizations such as the Swift Institute, the Asian Development Bank, Open Ownership, the World Bank, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on international projects. Her work analyzes legal and regulatory frameworks in various countries and provides guidance for implementing recommended policies.

• 2022 Chhina, R. (2022) Duplicate Financing: What is it, how can we resolve it, and how does it contribute to the trade finance gap?, The Swift Institute, October 2022

• 2022  Chhina, R. and Kiepe, T. (2022) Designing Sanctions and their Enforcement for Beneficial Ownership Disclosure, Open Ownership, April 2022.

• 2021   Chhina, R. (2021) Beneficial Ownership Transparency of Trusts, Policy Briefing, Open Ownership, July 2021

• 2021   Chhina, R. (2021) Beneficial Ownership Transparency: An Introduction to Trusts, Policy Briefing, Open Ownership, July 2021

• 2021  Chhina, R. (2021) Legal Gap Analysis Report: Beneficial Ownership of Legal Persons – Legal and Regulatory Framework in Myanmar, Technical Paper commissioned by the UNODC (Myanmar), 22 February 2021.

• 2021 Chhina, R. (2021) Guidelines for Non-Profit Organisations in conducting Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Self-Risk Assessment, Technical Paper commissioned by the Council of Europe, Structural Reform Support Programme (SRSP) - Czech Republic, 31 January 2021

• 2020 Chhina, R. (2020) Virtual Assets and Virtual Assets Service Providers: Analysis of AML/CFT Regulatory, Supervisory and Oversight Approaches and Challenges, Technical Paper commissioned by the Council of Europe, project on “Preventing Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in Serbia”, 31 December 2020

• 2020 Chhina, R. (2020) Rulebook on Beneficial Ownership Registry in Montenegro: Analysis of its Compliance with the Applicable International Standards, Technical Paper commissioned by the Council of Europe, Phase-II Regional Action against Economic Crime in Montenegro (AEC-REG), 6 March 2020

• 2019     Chhina, R and Taymans, A (2019) Guidelines and Roadmap on the establishment of the Beneficial Ownership Registry in Albania, Technical Paper commissioned by the Council of Europe, Action against Economic Crime in Albania (AEC-AL), 20 March 2019

• 2018 Chhina, R (2018) Guidelines on Risk-based Approach to Supervision: Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions (DNFBPs), Technical Paper commissioned by the Council of Europe, Action against Economic Crime in Montenegro (AEC-MNE), 21 October 2018

• 2018   Chhina, R (2018) Guidelines on Risk-based Approach to Supervision: Money or Value Transfer Services (MVTS), Technical Report commissioned by the Council of Europe, Action against Economic Crime in Montenegro (AEC-MNE), 21 October 2018

• 2017  Chhina, R. and Bokkerink, M. (2017) Legal Opinion on the Draft Law of Georgia on “Facilitating the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing”, Technical Report commissioned by the Council of Europe, EU/CoE Partnership for Good Governance Georgia Project “Combating money-laundering and terrorist financing” (PGG – GE), 21 December 2017

• 2017  Chhina, R. (2017) Legal Opinion on Reviewing the Administrative Instruction No. 04/2014 on Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs), Technical Report commissioned by the Council of Europe, Project against Economic Crime in Kosovo (PECK II), 31 October 2017

Dr. Ramandeep Chhina has been invited to several international conferences and workshops as a keynote speaker or international expert to talk about the latest developments and challenges in her fields of research. Some of her notable speaking engagements include the CoE International Conference on Advancing Beneficial Ownership Transparency in 2021; the Anti-Money Laundering and Financial Crime Conference in Scotland in 2020 and 2019, and a roundtable discussion at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research in 2019. 

• 2021   Invited speaker on the topic of ‘International legal framework and the national regulations. Comparative analysis of legislative and regulatory approaches to establishing effective regime for transparency of beneficial ownership’, the CoE International Online Conference on Advancing Beneficial Ownership Transparency, 24-25 June 2021.

• 2020  Invited Expert Speaker on the topic of ‘Prosecuting and Defending Money Laundering Cases’, the Anti-Money Laundering and Financial Crime Conference, The Law Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK, 20 March 2020.

• 2019  Keynote Speaker on the topic ‘Transparency of Beneficial Ownership – Policy Considerations, Strategic Issues and Practical Challenges’ and Rapporteur to the Regional Launch for the Western Balkans and Turkey – Phase II, Skopje, North Macedonia, 9 October 2019.

• 2019   Keynote Speaker on the topic of ‘The Global Scale of Money Laundering and Financial Crime’, the Anti-Money Laundering and Financial Crime Conference, The Law Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK, 29 August 2019.

• 2019  Invited to participate in the Roundtable discussion organized by UNITAR on ‘Financing the 2030 Agenda: The Means of Implementation - The Capacity Building Perspective’ at Palais des Nations, 17th April 2019, Geneva

• 2015  Keynote Speaker, ‘Managing Money Laundering Risks in Commercial Letters of Credit: Are Bank’s in Danger of Non-Compliance – A Case Study of the United Kingdom’ – a paper presented in the Annual International Conference on Interdisciplinary Legal Studies (AICILS), University of Cambridge, UK, 13-15 July 2015

• 2015  Keynote Speaker, ‘Implementation of the FATF Recommendations in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India’ – a paper presented in the International Conference on Trade, Business, Economics and Law (ICTBEL), Edinburgh, UK, 15-17 June 2015

• 2014  Keynote Speaker, ‘Settlement of International Disputes: An Assessment of the Role of the United Nations and International Arbitration’ – a paper presented in the Conference titled ‘Discovery-enriched Curriculum in Action: Best Practices of Dispute Resolution Teaching and Learning’ at City University of Hong Kong, November 2014

Dr. Ramandeep Chhina is a well-known researcher and international expert in the areas of law, trade, and finance. Over the past decade, her key research interests have centered around topics such as global instant payments, performance bonds under English law, non-payment and money laundering, implementation of FATF Recommendations, trade-based money laundering, comparison of the ISP 98 and the URDG 758, trade finance instruments, uniform international legal regimes for multimodal transport, and gold market operations in Palestine.

• 2018  ‘Implementation of Global Instant Payments by Banks: Risk Analysis and Prevention’ – a paper presented in Ethical Finance and Governance in Emerging Markets Conference (ft. Belt and Road Initiative), Edinburgh Napier University, 2nd – 3rd May 2018

• 2017  Performance bonds under English law: A journey from a strictly ‘narrow’ fraud exception to an overly broad ‘breach of good faith’ exception' – a paper presented in the 4th Annual International Conference on Law and policy, University of Oxford, 14th-16th August 2017

• 2016  ‘Non-payment affected by money laundering under a letter of credit – How would English courts approach it?’ – a paper to be presented at the International Conference on Law, Economics and Politics, University of Cambridge, UK, 17-19 October 2016

• 2016 ‘Implementation of the FATF Recommendations in Developing Countries with special focus on Recommendations 12 and 22 (Politically Exposed Persons): A Case Study from Indian Perspective’ – a paper presented in Academic International Conference on Business, Economics and Management, Dubai, 15-17 February 2016

• 2014  ‘Trade-Based Money Laundering: Ever Increasing Threat with Little Regulation’ - a paper presented at the International Conference on Trade, Business, Economics and Law, Edinburgh, UK, June 2014

• 2014  ‘The ISP 98 and the URDG 758: A Comparative Analysis’ - a paper presented at the International Conference on Trade, Business, Economics and Law, Edinburgh, UK, June 2014

• 2013   ‘Trade-Based Money Laundering – With Special Focus on Trade Finance Instruments’ - a paper presented at the 7th International Law and Trade Conference, IAITL, Bangkok, Thailand, November 2013

• 2013 Uniform International Legal Regime for Multimodal Transport: Blatant Need but No General Acceptance,  Chhina, R., Jul 2013, (Unpublished). Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

• 2010 Gold Market Operations in Palestine with key findings and recommendations, Chhina, R. & Menelaws, R. D., 2010, (Unpublished) 75 p. Research output: Other contribution

Dr. Ramandeep Chhina is dedicated to educating financial institutions on key topics in the fields of law, trade, and finance. In 2021, she developed a training manual and conducted advanced training workshops on "Combating Trade-Based Money Laundering" and "International Anti-Money Laundering Practices" at the Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance in Taipei. In 2020, she delivered similar workshops on "Combating Trade-Based Money Laundering", "Cryptocurrencies and AML/CFT Compliance Issues", and "Use of Artificial Intelligence in Banking Compliance". In 2018, she held advanced training workshops on "Combating Trade-Based Money Laundering" and "Financial Crime and FinTech".

• 2021 To develop a training manual and deliver online advanced training workshops to financial institutions on the topics of ‘Combating Trade Based Money Laundering’ and ‘International Anti-Money Laundering Practices’ at Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance, Taipei, Taiwan from 3rd to 8th June 2021 and 16th to 21st June 2021.

• 2020   Developed a training manual and delivered online advanced training workshops to financial institutions on the topics of ‘Combating Trade Based Money Laundering’, ‘Cryptocurrencies and AML/CFT Compliance Issues’ and ‘Use of Artificial Intelligence in Banking Compliance’ at Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance, Taipei, Taiwan from 20th -28th August 2020.

• 2018  Developed a training manual and delivered 3 days of advanced training workshops to financial institutions on the topics of ‘Combating Trade Based Money Laundering’ and ‘Financial Crime and FinTech’ at Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance, Taipei, Taiwan from 19th -21st June 2018

• 2015  Delivered 3 hours of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) training on ‘Data Protection Policy’ in Birmingham, UK in October 2015

• 2014   Delivered 2 hours of CPD training on ‘UK Money Laundering Regulations: An Update’ to solicitors in Birmingham, UK in September 2014

• 2014     Delivered half-day training seminar on ‘The Evolution of Controls in Public Finance Management’ to officials at Belgian Development Agency (BTC), Brussels in April 2014.